Beaufort Sea
The Beaufort Sea (French: mer de Beaufort) is the portion of the Arctic Ocean located north of the Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Alaska and west of Canada's Arctic islands. It is about 450,000 km² (170,000 mi²) in area. The sea is named after Huguenot-Irish hydrographer Sir Francis Beaufort.
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Extent
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Beaufort Sea as follows:[1]
On the North. A line from Point Barrow, Alaska, to Lands End, Prince Patrick Island ().
On the East. From Lands End through the Southwest coast of Prince Patrick Island to Griffiths Point, thence a line to Cape Prince Alfred, the Northwestern extreme of Banks Island, through its West coast to Cape Kellet, the Southwestern point, and thence a line to Cape Bathurst on the mainland ().
Hydrology and ecology
The large Mackenzie River empties into the sea as do other smaller rivers. It is an important habitat for whales and sea birds and is still relatively untouched by commercial traffic. The shoreline of the Beaufort Sea is the northern limit of the terrestrial range of the Polar bear in North America.[2]
Petroleum reserves
The Beaufort Sea is also the location of what are believed to be significant petroleum reserves beneath the seabed, a continuation of proven reserves in the nearby Mackenzie River and North Slope.[3] The Beaufort Sea was first explored in the 1960s and the Amauligak Project of 1986 began operating the first functioning oil platform.
Border dispute
There is an ongoing dispute between Canada and the United States over the delimitation of part of the maritime section of the International Boundary in the Beaufort Sea.[4][3] Canada claims the maritime boundary to be along the 141st meridian west out to a distance of 200 nautical miles (370 km), following the Alaska-Yukon land border.[5] The United States claims the boundary line to be perpendicular to the coast out to a distance of 200 nautical miles (370 km), following a line of equidistance from the coast.[6] This difference creates a wedge that is claimed by both nations. This dispute has taken on increased significance due to the possible presence of petroleum reserves within the wedge.[7] Both nations have put petroleum exploration rights up for bid on sections within this disputed wedge.[8][9]
The entire Beaufort Sea is totally frozen during much of the year. The permanent ice-pack covers the northern edge of the Beaufort Sea year-round.
See also
- Petroleum exploration in the Arctic
- List of areas disputed by the United States and Canada
- Beaufort Gyre
References
- ↑ "Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition". International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- ↑ C. Michael Hogan (2008) Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 http://www.institutenorth.org/servlet/download?id=35
- ↑ CIA - The World Factbook - United States
- ↑ The Law of the Sea Convention (BP-322E)
- ↑ p.10 of http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/20051m_062305/United_States_America.doc
- ↑ http://www.cdfai.org/PDF/NORTHERN%20INTERESTS%20AND%20CANADIAN%20FOREIGN%20POLICY.pdf
- ↑ http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/oil/Pdf/BsmdDispoPage.pdf
- ↑ M:\Maps AutoCAD\Areawide_BS\Tract_Map\2006\Sale Results\BSAW06 Sale Results Map_Color_148_45.dwg 8 of 8 (1)
External links
- Sea Ice in the Beaufort Sea from NASA Earth Observatory
- U.S.-Canada Dispute over Their Boundary and Fishing Rights in the Arctic Beaufort Sea of 14 September 2009
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